SR9009 is a synthetic REV-ERB agonist best known for preclinical research into circadian regulation, metabolism, inflammation, and exercise-related signaling. Injectable presentation does not establish human clinical use or a validated injectable dosing protocol. The term “SR9009 injectable” refers to a marketed formulation of SR9009; it does not represent an established human injectable medicine or standardized clinical formulation.

Product Information

SR9009 activates REV-ERB nuclear receptors involved in the molecular circadian clock and metabolic gene regulation. Research has predominantly used experimental animal administration rather than established human injectable therapy.

How It Works

SR9009 activates REV-ERBα/β and modifies transcription of genes involved in circadian and metabolic pathways. This can produce broad downstream effects on energy metabolism and inflammatory signaling.

POTENTIAL BENEFITS

1. REV-ERB Research

SR9009 is a useful pharmacological tool for investigating the biological functions of REV-ERB receptors and their role in circadian regulation.

2. Metabolic Research

Animal studies have investigated SR9009 in relation to glucose handling, lipid metabolism, energy expenditure, and metabolic disease models.

3. Exercise-Tolerance Research

Experimental research has reported changes in exercise tolerance in animals following REV-ERB activation, supporting continued investigation of circadian-metabolic control of physical performance.

4. Inflammatory Pathway Research

SR9009 has been studied in models of inflammation, including experimental work involving NLRP3 and other immune-signaling pathways.

Dosage

There is no established human injectable dosage for SR9009. Published experimental studies use animal doses and administration schedules that cannot be directly translated into a safe human protocol. The injectable formulation should therefore not be treated as clinically validated.

Side Effects

Human safety data are limited. Potential concerns include disruption of circadian signaling, metabolic effects, cardiovascular effects, and unpredictable consequences of altering REV-ERB activity systemically.

References

1. PubMed — SR9009 and REV-ERB pharmacology
2. PubMed — SR9009 and exercise/metabolic pathways
3. PubMed — SR9009 and cardiac research
4. PubMed — SR9009 and inflammatory signaling

Note: BehemothLabz does not sell this product. Purchase links on this page may direct you to third-party suppliers through affiliate links.

• This blend is offered as 32mg per ml SR-9009 and 32mg per ml Cardarine, totaling 64mg per ml for 10ml, and 640mg in total.

Behemothlabz also offers SR-9009 + Cardarine in liquid form where you can find more information regarding this compound.

These contain a potent mix of:

SR9009  & Cardarine (GW501516)

•   CAS Number is stated as 1379686-30-2 for SR9009; 317318-70-0 for Cardarine
•   Molar Mass is 437.94026 g·mol−1 for SR9009; 453.49 g·mol−1 for Cardarine
•   It has a Chemical Stacks as C20H24ClN3O4S for SR9009; C21H18F3NO3S2 for Cardarine
•   IUPAC Name is ethyl-3-(((4-chlorobenzyl)((5-nitrothiophen-2-yl)methyl)amino)methyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate for SR9009; {4-[({4-methyl-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3-thiazol-5-yl}methyl)sulfanyl]-2-methylphenoxy}acetic acid for Cardarine
•   Also known by Synonyms as GW-501; 516; GW1516; GSK-516 for Cardarine

Keep contents sealed and stored in a cool dry place. Items are shipped in a plain envelope or bubble mailer within 24-48 hours (or the next business day).

Note: For additional research solutions, explore our injectables, where you can find a range of high-quality research compounds. Additionally, Ostarine MK-2866 Injectable and SR-9009 Injectable are also available for further exploration.

BehemothLabz Disclaimer

Please make sure you go through the Terms and Conditions, and please familiarise yourself with it as it is important. Please research the scientific uses of this product before making any purchases. Make note that the packaging and labels of the product may differ from those shown on the website.
You are welcome to review our Terms and Conditions. If you have questions about a listed product, reach us at support@behemothlabz.com.ATTENTION: All BehemothLabz products are strictly for LABORATORY AND RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY. They are not to be used for any human or veterinary purposes.

Note: If you're exploring SARMs combinations, don’t miss our SR-9009 + Cardarine Capsules for a convenient alternative. For broader experimentation, browse our complete range of SARM Stacks. Looking for powerful performance blends? Our Super Lean Stacks are ideal for advanced research protocols.

PNC-27 is a lab-made peptide. It is a synthetic p53-derived peptide containing an HDM-2 binding domain. It is being studied in experimental and preclinical models for its interaction with membrane-associated HDM-2 proteins expressed in abnormal cell lines. 

These interactions play a significant role in regulating various cellular pathways, including necrotic membrane disruption and cell membrane integrity in laboratory settings.

Originally investigated for its role in tumor suppressor-related pathways, PNC-27 has gained research interest due to its selective activity on HDM-2-expressing cell membranes. 

Its defined peptide structure and receptor selectivity make it an excellent compound for studying peptide-membrane interactions and necrotic membrane disruption mechanisms in controlled experimental environments.

Mechanism of Action

In preclinical and experimental settings, PNC-27 is characterized as an HDM-2-targeting peptide. It demonstrates notable affinity for membrane-bound HDM-2 proteins overexpressed in abnormal cell models within in vitro systems. Activation of this interaction is studied for its effects on membrane destabilization and downstream necrosis.

Through targeted binding, PNC-27 is used in laboratory research to investigate HDM-2-mediated membrane disruption, apoptotic pathway activation, and peptide-driven cell regulatory mechanisms. Its selectivity for HDM-2-expressing membranes allows researchers to examine receptor-specific responses and downstream biochemical processes in controlled systems.

Importantly, published preclinical studies consistently characterize PNC-27-induced cell death as necrosis, not apoptosis. Necrosis was confirmed via LDH release assays and the absence of apoptotic markers in HDM-2-expressing cancer cell lines. This mechanistic distinction is documented in all primary published references for this compound." [Sarafraz-Yazdi et al., 2010; Fenelus et al., 2020] 

Properties of PNC-27 (10mg)

• Molecular Formula: C₁₈₈H₂₉₃N₅₃O₄₄S 
• Molecular Weight: ~4,031.7 g/mol 
• CAS Number: CAS Number: Not independently confirmed in major chemical registries; compound identified by sequence PPLSQETFSDLWKLLKKWKMRRNQFWVKVQRG and confirmed MW ~4,031.7 g/mol 
• Peptide Sequence: PPLSQETFSDLWKLLKKWKMRRNQFWVKVQRG 
• Peptide Class: Synthetic p53-derived apoptotic peptide
• Synonyms: PNC-27; PNC27; p53 peptide analog; HDM-2 binding peptide
• Purity: ≥99% (as confirmed by third-party analytical testing)
• Form: Lyophilized powder

Research Applications/Benefits of PNC-27 (10mg)

HDM-2 Membrane Interaction Research

PNC-27 is used in laboratory studies to investigate HDM-2 membrane-associated protein binding, activation, and downstream necrotic membrane disruption in controlled experimental models.

Apoptotic Pathway Studies

Applied in preclinical systems to examine peptide-induced membrane destabilization and programmed cell death pathways within abnormal cell line models and related biochemical responses.

Tumor Suppressor Signaling Analysis 

Utilized in experimental models to explore p53-derived peptide involvement in tumor suppressor-related signaling and HDM-2-mediated regulatory mechanisms.

Peptide-Membrane Interaction Studies 

Serves as a model compound for analyzing ligand-membrane specificity, binding affinity, and downstream intracellular necrotic membrane disruption in laboratory environments.

Selective Cell Line Targeting Investigation 

Used in controlled research settings to study HDM-2 overexpression-dependent membrane disruption and its role in selective necrotic membrane disruption cascades.

Why Choose BehemothLabz to Buy PNC-27 (10mg)

BehemothLabz is committed to providing high-purity research peptides manufactured under strict quality control standards. Each batch of PNC-27 undergoes independent third-party analytical testing to confirm identity, purity, and consistency. With a focus on transparency and scientific reliability, BehemothLabz supports researchers with dependable compounds suitable for advanced laboratory and preclinical investigations.

Support is direct: support@behemothLabz.com | (307) 429-0990.

Disclaimer: This compound is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for human or veterinary use. It is provided strictly for laboratory and scientific research purposes only. Clinical research initiatives must be conducted under IRB guidance; preclinical animal studies must comply with IACUC directives under the Animal Welfare Act (AWA). Not for human consumption, injection, or any form of administration. 

Please make sure you go through the Terms and Conditions. Please research the scientific uses of this product before making any purchases. Make note that the packaging and labels of the product may differ from those shown on the website.

Reference Links

Fenelus, M., Poon, C. K., Sarkar, A., Trivigno, V., Zolkind, P. A., Matthew, S. M., Grin'kina, N., Orynbayeva, Z., Shaikh, M. F., Adler, V., Michl, J., Sarafraz-Yazdi, E., Pincus, M. R., & Bowne, W. B. (2020). Targeting membrane HDM-2 by PNC-27 induces necrosis in leukemia cells but not in normal hematopoietic cells. PubMed. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32878773/

Sarafraz-Yazdi, E., Mumin, S., Cheung, D., Fridman, D., Lin, B., Wong, L., Rosal, R., Rudolph, R., 

Frenkel, M., Thadi, A., Morano, W. F., Bowne, W. B., Pincus, M. R., & Michl, J. (2022). PNC-27, a chimeric p53-penetratin peptide, binds to HDM-2 in a p53 peptide-like structure, induces selective membrane-pore formation, and leads to cancer cell lysis. Biomedicines, 10(5), 945. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9138867/

Sarafraz-Yazdi, E., Bowne, W. B., Adler, V., Bhargava, A., Zeitlin, B. D., Banerjee, S., Brandwein, A., Bhatt, D., Du, M., Vu, H. H., Michl, J., & Pincus, M. R. (2010). Anticancer peptide PNC-27 adopts an HDM-2-binding conformation and kills cancer cells by binding to HDM-2 in their membranes. PubMed. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20080680/

Bowne, W. B., Michl, J., Bluth, M. H., Zenilman, M. E., Pincus, M. R., & Sarafraz-Yazdi, E. (2008). The penetration sequence in the anticancer PNC-28 peptide causes tumor cell necrosis rather than apoptosis of human pancreatic cancer cells. PubMed. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18931881/

N-Acetyl PT-141 is a synthetic cyclic heptapeptide. Researchers also know it as bremelanotide. It is a structurally engineered analog of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), developed specifically for research use. Its structure features an N-terminal acetyl group on a norleucine residue and a lactam bridge between aspartic acid and lysine residues, forming a constrained cyclic backbone. This cyclic structure confers conformational rigidity that is thought to enhance receptor binding selectivity in experimental settings.

So, why do researchers find N-Acetyl PT-141 useful? This is because it binds selectively to central melanocortin receptor subtypes, particularly MC3R and MC4R, with reduced affinity for MC1R compared to broader-spectrum melanocortin agonists such as Melanotan II. This selective receptor profile makes it a valuable probe for dissecting central melanocortin signaling pathways in preclinical models.

Important Regulatory Notice: N-Acetyl PT-141 shares the same chemical identity as bremelanotide (CAS 189691-06-3), the active pharmaceutical ingredient in Vyleesi (NDA 210557), an FDA-approved prescription medication indicated for hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in premenopausal women. BehemothLabz supplies this compound exclusively as a research-grade material for controlled laboratory research use only. The research-grade formulation supplied here is distinct from the FDA-approved pharmaceutical product and is not approved, indicated, or supplied for any human therapeutic application. Researchers should be aware of this regulatory distinction before purchasing or using this compound.

ATTENTION: This product is strictly for LABORATORY AND RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY. Not for human or veterinary use.

Mechanism of Action of N-Acetyl PT-141

How Does N-Acetyl PT-141 Interact with Melanocortin Receptors?

N-Acetyl PT-141 is thought to act as an agonist at MC3R and MC4R in preclinical experimental systems. These receptors are predominantly expressed in the central nervous system, particularly in the hypothalamus. In laboratory studies, receptor binding at MC4R is associated with downstream elevation of intracellular cAMP levels in cell-based assay systems. The N-terminal acetylation and norleucine substitution are thought to confer proteolytic resistance, particularly against aminopeptidase-mediated degradation.

Central Dopaminergic Pathway Modulation

In rodent preclinical models, N-Acetyl PT-141 administration has been observed to stimulate dopamine release in the medial preoptic area (mPOA) of the hypothalamus. This interaction is thought to occur through MC3R and MC4R engagement upstream of dopaminergic terminals in this brain region. These are animal model observations only and do not constitute evidence of activity in human subjects.

Properties of N-Acetyl PT-141

Research Findings on N-Acetyl PT-141

Research has examined the role of N-Acetyl PT-141 in central melanocortin receptor signaling using rodent behavioral models. In ovariectomized, hormone-primed female rats, PT-141 was observed to selectively stimulate appetitive solicitational behaviors without altering lordosis, pacing, or generalized motor activity. This behavioral specificity was linked to MC3R and MC4R engagement in the medial preoptic area and other hypothalamic regions. These observations are from animal models only, and data remains limited [Pfaus et al., 2004].

Further investigation has examined the broader role of the central melanocortin system in metabolic and neuroendocrine signaling contexts. Research has established that MC3R and MC4R are expressed across hypothalamic and limbic circuits governing energy balance and reproductive behavior in preclinical systems. N-Acetyl PT-141 serves as an investigational probe for characterizing these receptor-mediated pathways in laboratory settings. Findings across different model systems are not consistent [Sweeney et al., 2023].

Note: N-Acetyl PT-141 is not approved by the FDA for human or veterinary use. It is intended strictly for laboratory research purposes only and is not for human consumption. It is intended strictly for laboratory research purposes only and is not for human consumption.

Risk and Handling Information

Risk Tier: MODERATE

N-Acetyl PT-141 is a pharmacologically active cyclic peptide with agonist activity at central melanocortin receptors. Its complete toxicological profile in humans at research concentrations has not been established. All handling must be conducted under appropriate laboratory safety conditions.

Exposure Risk

Lyophilized powder presents an inhalation hazard. All weighing, reconstitution, and handling must be performed inside a certified fume hood or biosafety cabinet. N95 respiratory protection is required during any powder manipulation. Direct skin and eye contact must be avoided at all times. Nitrile gloves, a lab coat, and safety eyewear are mandatory during all handling procedures.

Cardiovascular and CNS Considerations

The parent compound bremelanotide has been associated with transient blood pressure changes and nausea in controlled clinical settings. As a closely related analog, N-Acetyl PT-141 must be treated as carrying uncharacterized cardiovascular and CNS risks in any uncontrolled exposure context. Researchers must implement appropriate containment protocols and report any accidental exposure per institutional safety guidelines.

Storage Risk

Improper storage above −20°C or exposure to moisture accelerates peptide degradation and structural breakdown. Vials must be stored sealed, protected from light, and at the recommended temperature. Reconstituted solution must be used within 7 days and stored at 4°C. Repeated freeze-thaw cycling must be avoided. Single-use aliquoting is strongly recommended before initial reconstitution.

Disposal

All residual material, vials, syringes, and contaminated consumables must be disposed of in full compliance with applicable institutional biosafety regulations and chemical waste management protocols.

Why Choose BehemothLabz to Buy N-Acetyl PT-141?

BehemothLabz supplies N-Acetyl PT-141 for laboratory and research use only. Each batch undergoes independent third-party HPLC analysis. A Certificate of Analysis is available for every production lot. BehemothLabz does not self-certify purity, and external laboratories verify each lot before release.

Disclaimer

Please make sure you go through the Terms and Conditions and familiarize yourself with them, as it is important. Please research the scientific uses of this product before making any purchases. Make note that the packaging and labels of the product may differ from those shown on the website. All research involving this compound must comply with IRB guidelines for clinical investigations and IACUC directives for animal studies under the Animal Welfare Act (AWA).

You are welcome to review our Terms and Conditions. If you have questions about a listed product, reach us at support@behemothlabz.com.

ATTENTION: All BehemothLabz products are strictly for LABORATORY AND RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY. They are not to be used for any human or veterinary purposes.

Reference Links

Pfaus, J. G., Shadiack, A., Van Soest, T., Tse, M., & Molinoff, P. (2004). Selective facilitation of sexual solicitation in the female rat by a melanocortin receptor agonist. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101(27), 10201–10204. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15226502/

Sweeney, P., Gimenez, L. E., Hernandez, C. C., & Cone, R. D. (2023). Targeting the central melanocortin system for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 19(9), 507–519. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37365323

Livagen is a synthetic tetrapeptide composed of Lys-Glu-Asp-Ala (KEDA). It belongs to the peptide-bioregulator family developed in Russian research and has been studied primarily in cellular, animal, and biochemical models.

Product Information

Livagen has been investigated for tissue-specific biological effects, including research involving liver and cellular-aging pathways. Experimental work has also examined its interaction with enzymes involved in the endogenous opioid system.

How It Works

The precise biological mechanism of Livagen has not been fully established. Experimental research suggests that it can influence cellular processes and inhibit certain enkephalin-degrading enzymes, providing a possible link to neuroendocrine and tissue-regulatory pathways.

POTENTIAL BENEFITS

1. Cellular Aging Research

Livagen is part of the broader bioregulator research program examining whether short peptides can influence age-associated cellular changes. Research has focused on tissue-specific biological regulation rather than a single conventional receptor target.

2. Liver Research

Early experimental work investigated Livagen in relation to liver-tissue biology. These studies form part of the rationale for continued research into tissue-specific peptide regulation.

3. Enzyme Activity Research

In vitro research found that Livagen inhibited enkephalin-degrading enzymes in human serum. This provides a measurable biochemical effect that can be studied independently of broader anti-aging claims.

4. Peptide-Bioregulator Research

Livagen is useful as a research model for investigating how very short endogenous-like peptides may influence cellular function. Its evidence base remains substantially smaller than that of established pharmaceutical compounds.

Dosage

There is no standardized clinical dosage for Livagen. Published work is largely experimental, and reported research protocols are not sufficient to establish a validated human dosing regimen.

Side Effects

Controlled modern human safety data for Livagen are limited. Its long-term tolerability and complete pharmacological profile therefore remain insufficiently characterized.

References

1. Khavinson VK, et al. *Tissue-specific effects of peptides.*
2. Effect of new peptide bioregulators Livagen and Epitalon on enkephalin-degrading enzymes in human serum.
3. Peptides and ageing — review of peptide bioregulator research.

Note: BehemothLabz does not sell this product. Purchase links on this page may direct you to third-party suppliers through affiliate links.

L-carnitine is a naturally occurring compound that transports long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria for oxidation. Injectable L-carnitine has been investigated clinically in settings including carnitine deficiency, hemodialysis, metabolic disorders, and physical-performance research.

Product Information

L-carnitine is synthesized in the body and also obtained through food. It plays an important role in mitochondrial fatty-acid transport, allowing long-chain fatty acids to enter mitochondria where they can be used for energy production. L-carnitine, also known as levocarnitine, is the naturally occurring form involved in mitochondrial fatty-acid transport.

How It Works

L-carnitine participates in the carnitine shuttle, transporting long-chain fatty acids across the mitochondrial membrane. This supports fatty-acid oxidation and energy production, particularly in tissues with high metabolic demand.

POTENTIAL BENEFITS

1. Mitochondrial Energy Research

L-carnitine is directly involved in transporting fatty acids into mitochondria, making it fundamental to research into cellular energy metabolism.

2. Fatty-Acid Oxidation

By facilitating mitochondrial entry of long-chain fatty acids, carnitine supports the biochemical pathway responsible for their oxidation and energy production.

3. Carnitine-Deficiency Support

Injectable L-carnitine has established medical relevance in specific deficiency states and in certain patients receiving hemodialysis, where carnitine losses can become clinically significant.

4. Physical & Metabolic Research

Clinical studies have investigated injectable L-carnitine in relation to fatigue, metabolic parameters, skeletal-muscle function, and exercise-related physiology.

Dosage

Injectable dosing is indication-specific and medically supervised. Human research has used protocols including 1,000 mg three times weekly after hemodialysis and weight-based IV regimens in other clinical settings. A separate pharmacokinetic study evaluated single IV doses of 20–60 mg/kg in healthy subjects. These protocols should not be treated as a universal injectable dosage.

Side Effects

Injectable L-carnitine can cause gastrointestinal symptoms, injection-related effects, and a characteristic fishy odor due to trimethylamine metabolism. Rapid IV administration may also produce cardiovascular or infusion-related reactions, making appropriate medical administration important.

References

1. Pharmacokinetics and safety of IV L-carnitine in healthy subjects. PMID: 3383994
2. L-carnitine injections in hemodialysis patients. PMID: 30353121
3. IV L-carnitine in metabolic syndrome during fasting. PMID: 25424121
4. IV L-carnitine and skeletal-muscle metabolism in hemodialysis. PMID: 2017271

Note: BehemothLabz does not sell this product. Purchase links on this page may direct you to third-party suppliers through affiliate links.

Larazotide acetate is a synthetic octapeptide. Researchers also refer to it as AT-1001. Its peptide sequence is Gly-Gly-Val-Leu-Val-Gln-Pro-Gly (GGVLVQPG). It is derived from the N-terminal sequence of the Vibrio cholerae zonula occludens toxin (ZOT) protein and acts as a competitive antagonist of the zonulin receptor at the intestinal epithelial surface in experimental settings.

So, why do researchers find larazotide acetate useful? Because it provides a defined pharmacological tool for studying intestinal tight junction dynamics, zonulin-mediated paracellular permeability, and epithelial barrier function regulation in cell-based and preclinical animal models. It has also been investigated in Phase III clinical settings as an adjunct in celiac disease research, though it carries no approved indication for any use. [Paterson et al., 2007; Kelly et al., 2013 - Cited for pharmacological context only. Documents human clinical research and does not apply to the research-grade formulation supplied here.] 

ATTENTION: This product is strictly for LABORATORY AND RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY. Not for human or veterinary use.

Mechanism of Action of Larazotide Acetate

How Does Larazotide Acetate Regulate Tight Junction Permeability?

Larazotide acetate is thought to act through two distinct but complementary mechanisms in preclinical experimental systems. First, it functions as a competitive antagonist of the zonulin receptor, thereby blocking zonulin-induced increases in paracellular permeability. Zonulin is a pre-haptoglobin 2 protein that regulates tight junction opening by signaling through a receptor-mediated cascade that ultimately disrupts the assembly of claudins, occludin, and ZO-1 proteins at the tight junction complex. Larazotide acetate competes for this receptor interaction and attenuates downstream permeability increases.

Myosin Light Chain Kinase Inhibition

A second mechanistic pathway identified in experimental models involves larazotide acetate's inhibition of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK). MLCK-mediated phosphorylation of myosin light chain increases actin-myosin contractile tension at the apical junction, which physically forces tight junction strand separation and increases paracellular flux. Larazotide acetate inhibition of MLCK activity is thought to reduce this contractile tension, thereby facilitating tight junction closure and restoration of barrier integrity. This mechanism was identified in addition to its zonulin receptor antagonism and represents a secondary research interest in the compound's preclinical pharmacology.

Properties of Larazotide Acetate

Research Findings on Larazotide Acetate

Research has examined larazotide acetate extensively as a tight junction regulatory peptide in both cell-based and animal preclinical models. A review study characterizing its pharmacological action documented that larazotide acetate acts as a single-chain octapeptide tight junction regulator through zonulin receptor antagonism and redistribution of tight junction proteins including claudins and actin filaments. The compound was also linked to inhibition of myosin light chain kinase activity in experimental systems, providing a secondary mechanistic explanation for its barrier-restoring effects. Studies in rodent collagen-induced arthritis models and porcine intestinal ischemia models provided additional preclinical evidence for larazotide acetate's tight junction regulatory activity outside the celiac disease research context. All findings are from preclinical and investigational settings [Slifer et al., 2021].

Additional preclinical investigation has examined larazotide acetate in rat models of acute liver failure induced by thioacetamide administration. In this model, oral larazotide acetate administration was associated with significantly reduced intestinal damage scores compared to untreated controls, assessed by light and electron microscopy of intestinal tissue samples. Serum ALT levels in the treated drinking water group were significantly lower than in the thioacetamide-only group. The investigators attributed these observations to larazotide acetate's action on tight junction integrity in the intestinal epithelium, based on its established zonulin antagonism profile. These findings are from rat models only and data remains limited [Caliskan et al., 2021].

Note: Larazotide acetate is not approved by the FDA for any use. It is intended strictly for laboratory research purposes only and is not for human consumption.

Risk and Handling Information

Risk Tier: LOW TO MODERATE

Larazotide acetate has been studied in Phase III investigational clinical trials, providing a partial safety dataset from controlled human settings. However, BehemothLabz supplies it as a research compound outside any approved protocol. Its full toxicological profile for uncontrolled research use has not been formally established and researchers must treat it accordingly.

Exposure Risk

Lyophilized powder presents an inhalation hazard during weighing and reconstitution. These procedures must be performed inside a certified fume hood. N95 respiratory protection is recommended. Nitrile gloves, a lab coat, and safety eyewear are mandatory during all handling procedures. Direct skin and eye contact must be avoided at all times.

Gastrointestinal Pathway Considerations

As a zonulin antagonist and tight junction modulator, uncontrolled human exposure could produce uncharacterized effects on intestinal barrier dynamics in the absence of controlled study conditions. Any accidental exposure must be documented and managed per institutional first-aid and incident reporting protocols.

Storage Risk

Store lyophilized material at −20°C in sealed vials, protected from light and moisture. Reconstituted solution must be used within 7 days and kept at 4°C. Repeated freeze-thaw cycling must be avoided. Single-use aliquoting before initial reconstitution is strongly recommended.

Disposal

All residual material, vials, syringes, and contaminated consumables must be disposed of in full compliance with applicable institutional biosafety regulations and chemical waste management protocols.

Why Choose BehemothLabz to Buy Larazotide Acetate?

BehemothLabz supplies Larazotide Acetate (AT-1001) for laboratory and research use only. Each batch undergoes independent third-party HPLC analysis. A Certificate of Analysis is available for every production lot. BehemothLabz does not self-certify purity and external laboratories verify each lot before release.

Disclaimer

Please make sure you go through the Terms and Conditions and familiarize yourself with them, as it is important. Please research the scientific uses of this product before making any purchases. Make note that the packaging and labels of the product may differ from those shown on the website. All research involving this compound must comply with IRB guidelines for clinical investigations and IACUC directives for animal studies under the Animal Welfare Act (AWA).

You are welcome to review our Terms and Conditions. If you have questions about a listed product, reach us at support@behemothlabz.com.

ATTENTION: All BehemothLabz products are strictly for LABORATORY AND RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY. They are not to be used for any human or veterinary purposes.

Reference Links

Slifer, Z. M., Krishnan, B. R., Madan, J., & Blikslager, A. T. (2021). Larazotide acetate: A pharmacological peptide approach to tight junction regulation. American Journal of Physiology: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 320(6), G983–G989. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33881350/

Caliskan, A. R., Gul, M., Yilmaz, I., Otlu, B., Uremis, N., Uremis, M. M., Kilicaslan, I., Gul, S., Tikici, D., Saglam, O., Yalcin, M., Demirel, U., & Harputluoglu, M. (2021). Effects of larazotide acetate, a tight junction regulator, on the liver and intestinal damage in acute liver failure in rats. Human & Experimental Toxicology, 40(12 Suppl), S693–S701. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34791921/

What is Chrysalin (TP-508)?

Chrysalin (TP-508), also known as rusalatide acetate, is a synthetic 23-amino acid peptide corresponding to residues 508-530 of prothrombin. It represents the high-affinity receptor-binding domain of the native thrombin molecule.  It is a nonproteolytic thrombin peptide, meaning it does not activate the proteolytic cleavage cascade associated with thrombin's coagulation function.

In laboratory settings, TP-508 is investigated for how it interacts with a distinct subset of thrombin receptors on:

• Fibroblasts
• Endothelial cells
• Stem cells

TP-508 is not a SARM, not a hormone analog, and not a dietary supplement. It is not approved by the FDA for human or veterinary use and is intended strictly for laboratory research purposes.

ATTENTION: This product is strictly for LABORATORY AND RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY. Not for human or veterinary use.

Mechanism of Action of Chrysalin (TP-508)

Nonproteolytic Thrombin Receptor Binding and eNOS Activation

TP-508 has been investigated in preclinical cell culture systems as a nonproteolytic agonist at a distinct subset of thrombin receptors expressed on fibroblasts and endothelial cells. In isolated endothelial cell systems, TP-508 has been observed to stimulate endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation and rapid NO production.

Angiogenic Signaling and Endothelial Cell Motility

In preclinical animal wound healing models, TP-508 has been observed to stimulate endothelial cell chemokinesis and chemotaxis in a dose-dependent manner. Studies show increased vascularization markers at wound sites in TP-508-treated groups compared to saline controls.

Fibroblast Gene Expression Pathway

In isolated fibroblast cell systems, TP-508 has been investigated for its potential to modulate differential gene expression through a nonproteolytic receptor activation pathway. Preclinical data suggest this may involve upstream signaling events distinct from those initiated by proteolytically active thrombin.

Stem Cell Proliferation Pathway

In in vitro model systems, TP-508 has been investigated for its potential to affect stem cell proliferation signaling. Preclinical data from adipose tissue-derived stem cell cultures suggest that TP-508 may interact with the PI3K/Akt pathway.

Chemical Properties of Chrysalin (TP-508)

• Molecular Formula: C₉₇H₁₄₆N₂₈O₃₆S
• Molecular Weight: 2,312.44 g/mol
• CAS Number: 121341-81-9
• PubChem CID: 91668177
• Peptide Length: 23 amino acids
• Sequence: Ala-Gly-Tyr-Lys-Pro-Asp-Glu-Gly-Lys-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ala-Cys-Glu-Gly-Asp-Ser-Gly-Gly-Pro-Phe-Val
• Peptide Source: Residues 508–530 of human prothrombin
• IUPAC Name: H-Ala-Gly-Tyr-Lys-Pro-Asp-Glu-Gly-Lys-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ala-Cys-Glu-Gly-Asp-Ser-Gly-Gly-Pro-Phe-Val-OH
• Synonyms: TP508, Chrysalin, rusalatide acetate, TRAP-508
• Physical Form: White to off-white lyophilized powder
• Vial Format: lyophilized vial (flip-top aluminum crimp cap, sterile sealed)
• Solubility: Soluble in sterile water or 0.1% acetic acid solution
• Storage: −20°C, protected from light and moisture
• Classification: Research Use Only

Research Applications of Chrysalin (TP-508)

1. Thrombin Receptor Binding Studies

TP-508 is studied in cell-free laboratory systems to understand how it attaches to a specific group of thrombin receptors without triggering the normal clotting process. Researchers use it as a reference compound to map which parts of its structure are responsible for this binding.

2. Nitric Oxide Signaling Research

In isolated endothelial cell experiments, TP-508 has been observed to activate an enzyme called eNOS, which rapidly produces nitric oxide (NO). This makes it a useful research tool for studying how nitric oxide signaling works inside blood vessel cells under controlled conditions.

3. Angiogenesis Research

TP-508 has been studied in preclinical wound healing models to observe how new blood vessels form.

4. Integrin Signaling Research

A cell surface protein called αvβ3 integrin has been identified as one receptor through which TP-508 may send signals inside endothelial cells.

5. Thrombin Fragment Comparison Studies

TP-508 is compared against other thrombin fragments in laboratory studies as well. The key distinction under investigation is that TP-508 binds to its receptor without activating the clotting cascade.

Risk & Handling

Chrysalin (TP-508) is a synthetic, nonproteolytic thrombin peptide. It is under investigation in preclinical research.

Risk Tier: MODERATE

This rating reflects TP-508's bioactive receptor signaling activity at thrombin receptors, the bioactive concentrations used in preclinical research, and the need for proper handling to prevent accidental skin or inhalation exposure during reconstitution. Researchers must observe the following precautions at all times.

Handling Precautions: Chrysalin (TP-508) vials should be handled exclusively in a controlled laboratory environment by trained personnel. Use appropriate PPE at all times. Avoid direct skin and eye contact during reconstitution. Avoid inhalation.

Exposure Risks: No human safety data has been established for the research-grade formulation supplied here. Long-term or chronic toxicity data do not exist.

Storage: Store lyophilized TP-508 vials at −20°C in a dry, dark environment. Protect from light, heat, and moisture at all times. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. The vial seal should remain intact until use.

Why Choose BehemothLabz to Buy Chrysalin (TP-508) ?

Behemoth Labz supplies research-grade Chrysalin (TP-508) vials for laboratory and research purposes. It goes through quality control and third-party testing for consistency, purity, and research-grade standards. Chrysalin (TP-508) is supplied as a lyophilized powder in a sterile, sealed vial with a flip-top aluminum crimp cap. This specific format helps maintain peptide integrity under recommended cold storage conditions.

BehemothLabz Disclaimer

ATTENTION: All BehemothLabz products are strictly for LABORATORY AND RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY. They are not to be used for any human or veterinary purposes.

Please make sure you go through the Terms and Conditions and familiarize yourself with them, as it is important. Kindly research the scientific uses of this product before making any purchases. Make note that the packaging and labels of the product may differ from those shown on the website.

You are welcome to review our Terms and Conditions. If you have questions about a listed product, reach us at support@behemothlabz.com.

Chrysalin (TP-508) Research FAQs

What makes TP-508 nonproteolytic in research contexts?

TP-508 does not activate the proteolytic cleavage cascade associated with thrombin's coagulation function otherwise. In preclinical settings, it interacts with a distinct receptor subset. This makes it a useful tool for isolating receptor-mediated signaling events in experimental models.

Is Chrysalin (TP-508) safe for human use?

No. Chrysalin (TP-508) is not approved by the FDA for human or veterinary use. Please review the Terms and Conditions before ordering.

What is the vial format for Chrysalin (TP-508) at BehemothLabz?

Chrysalin (TP-508) is supplied as a lyophilized powder in a sterile, sealed vial with a flip-top aluminum crimp cap. This format maintains peptide integrity under recommended cold storage conditions. It is the standard for research-grade lyophilized peptides.

References

1. Olszewska-Pazdrak, B., Hart-Vantassell, A., & Carney, D. H. (2010). Thrombin peptide TP508 stimulates rapid nitric oxide production in human endothelial cells. Journal of Vascular Research, 47(3), 203–213. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19893317/
2. Hembrough, T. A., Swartz, G. M., Papathanassiu, A., et al. (2001). Thrombin peptide, TP508, stimulates angiogenic responses in animal models of dermal wound healing, in chick chorioallantoic membranes, and in cultured human aortic and microvascular endothelial cells. Journal of Vascular Research. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11888680/
3. Sower, L. E., Payne, D. A., Meyers, R., & Carney, D. H. (1999). Thrombin peptide, TP508, induces differential gene expression in fibroblasts through a nonproteolytic activation pathway. Experimental Cell Research, 247(2), 422–431. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10066370/
4. Freyberg, S., Song, Y. H., Muehlberg, F., & Alt, E. (2009). Thrombin peptide (TP508) promotes adipose tissue-derived stem cell proliferation via PI3 kinase/Akt pathway. Journal of Vascular Research, 46(2), 98–102. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18607113/

Its potential application has made it a key investigational tool in neuroendocrine and gastrointestinal research. Some studies have found that it may interact with CRF receptor subtypes in various preclinical systems. A few of its potential roles may include stress pathway modulation and receptor binding research.

Astressin B is believed to interact with both CRFR1 and CRFR2 receptor subtypes. It functions as a competitive antagonist that displaces endogenous CRF ligands and related neuropeptides such as Urocortins at their binding sites.

How Does Astressin B Work?

Astressin B works by competitively blocking CRF receptor sites Rivier et al. (2013) . Some of its research-investigated mechanisms may include inhibition of CRF-induced adenylyl cyclase activation, suppression of downstream cAMP elevation, and modulation of HPA axis stress signaling. 

Apart from that, it may also demonstrate gastrointestinal pathway involvement and act as a probe for dissecting peripheral versus central CRF receptor contributions in preclinical models.

Properties of Astressin B

Research Findings on Astressin B

A study has focused on the role of Astressin B in CRF receptor antagonism and hair follicle cycle regulation. In experimental models involving CRF over-expressing mice displaying alopecia phenotypes, Astressin B has been shown to modulate hair follicle transition from the telogen to the anagen phase through peripheral CRF receptor blockade. PLOS ONE by Wang et al. (2011) 

This process was associated with pigmentation restoration and maintained hair re-growth for over four months in controlled preclinical settings. These findings highlight its relevance in studying CRF receptor involvement in stress-related follicular biology and peripheral signaling pathways.

Research has also examined Astressin B's effects on gastrointestinal motility during stress-induced gut signaling studies. Rivier et al. (2013)  Studies have shown that Astressin B may suppress CRF-, urotensin I-, and sauvagine-induced delays in gastric emptying and alterations in colonic motility. 

These effects were linked to its non-selective blockade at both CRFR1 and CRFR2 receptor subtypes, suggesting a role in regulating peripheral gut-brain stress axis signaling in experimental systems.

Note: Astressin B is not approved by the FDA for any medical use. It is intended strictly for laboratory research purposes only and is not for human consumption.

Why Choose to Buy Astressin B from BehemothLabz?

Researchers are recommended to buy Astressin B from reputable sources.

At BehemothLabz, you will find pure and high-quality Astressin B products for sale at affordable prices. Additionally, our delivery charges are very competitive, along with a fast shipping procedure. Fortunately, our delivery is available both at the national and international levels.

Most importantly, we have been supplying various peptides for years and have earned a reputable place in the vendors' market.

Disclaimer

Please make sure you go through the Terms and Conditions and familiarize yourself with them, as it is important. Please research the scientific uses of this product before making any purchases. Make note that the packaging and labels of the product may differ from those shown on the website. All research involving this compound must comply with IRB guidelines for clinical investigations and IACUC directives for animal studies under the Animal Welfare Act (AWA).

You are welcome to review our Terms and Conditions. If you have questions about a listed product, reach us at support@behemothlabz.com.

ATTENTION: All BehemothLabz products are strictly for LABORATORY AND RESEARCH PURPOSES ONLY. They are not to be used for any human or veterinary purposes.

Reference Links

PubChem. (2024). Astressin B. Nih.gov; PubChem. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/73350132

Wang, L., Million, M., Rivier, J., Rivier, C., Craft, N., Stenzel-Poore, M. P., & Taché, Y. (2011). CRF receptor antagonist astressin-B reverses and prevents alopecia in CRF over-expressing mice. PLOS ONE, 6(2), e16377. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21359208/

Rivier J, Gulyas J, Kirby D, Low W, Perrin MH, Kunitake K, DiGruccio M, Vaughan J, Reubi JC, Waser B, Koerber SC, Martinez V, Wang L, Taché Y, Vale W. Potent and Long-Acting Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF) Receptor 2 Selective Peptide Competitive Antagonists. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 2002;45(21):4737-4747. PMID: 12381951. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm0202122 

Tache Y, Nozu T, Bernstein CN. CRF signaling pathways and gut dysmotility in stress models: Relevance for IBS. Current Gastroenterology Reports. 2010;12(4): 273-283. PMID: 20544287. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20544287/ 

AC-Selank NH2 is a lab-synthesized synthetic heptapeptide and a structurally enhanced analog of Selank, an investigational peptide derived from the endogenous immunomodulatory tetrapeptide tuftsin (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg). 

The parent compound Selank incorporates a C-terminal Pro-Gly-Pro (PGP) extension associated with improved metabolic stability in preclinical settings. 

AC-Selank NH2 further introduces N-terminal acetylation and C-terminal amidation. These chemical modifications confer significantly enhanced resistance to aminopeptidase and carboxypeptidase enzymatic hydrolysis. 

Originally investigated as a tuftsin structural analog, AC-Selank NH2 has gained preclinical research interest due to its defined interaction profile across GABAergic, serotonergic, neurotrophic, and immunomodulatory signaling networks. 

This compound is supplied exclusively for controlled laboratory and scientific research purposes and is not intended for any other application.

Mechanism of Action

In preclinical and experimental research settings, AC-Selank NH2 is characterized as a GABAergic allosteric modulator and multi-pathway neuroendocrine signaling research tool. 

Investigational data from studies indicate that the compound engages GABA-A receptor subunit pathways through transcriptional regulation rather than direct receptor binding alone. 

Gene expression analyses demonstrate that Selank analogs alter mRNA levels of GABA receptor subunits, transporters, and ion channel components in cortical tissue in preclinical research settings. [Volkova et al., 2016; Filatova et al., 2017].

Additionally, preclinical investigational findings associate AC-Selank NH2 with the regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) expression in in vitro research settings [Inozemtseva et al., 2008]. 

Serotonergic receptor transcriptional modulation has also been documented in preclinical research, with observed changes in serotonin-related gene expression patterns under controlled experimental conditions [Nadorova et al., 2014].

Properties of AC-Selank NH2 (10mg)

• Molecular Formula: C₃₅H₅₉N₁₁O₁₀
• Molecular Weight: 793.9 g/mol
• CAS Number: J3PM702O93
• Peptide Sequence: Ac-Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro-NH₂ (TKPRPGP)
• Peptide Class: Synthetic tuftsin-derived neuropeptide analog
• Synonyms: N-Acetyl Selank Amidate; AC-THR-LYS-PRO-ARG-PRO-GLY-PRO; N-Acetyl Selank
• Purity: ≥98.8% (confirmed by third-party analytical testing)
• Form: Lyophilized powder

Research Applications of AC-Selank NH2 (10mg)

GABAergic Signaling Pathway Research 

AC-Selank NH2 is utilized in laboratory settings to investigate allosteric GABA-A receptor subunit modulation. It may also be used to explore gene expression regulation of GABAergic neurotransmission components and downstream inhibitory signaling cascade dynamics in controlled in vitro and preclinical experimental systems.

Neurotrophic Factor Signaling Studies 

Applied in preclinical research settings to examine BDNF and NGF expression pathway regulation, TrkB receptor-mediated neurotrophic signaling activity, and neuroplasticity-related molecular pathway interactions in controlled laboratory environments.

Serotonergic Receptor Transcriptional Modulation Analysis 

It is utilized in experimental research models to explore serotonin receptor gene expression modulation, monoaminergic neurotransmitter signaling network interactions under controlled investigational conditions.

Immunomodulatory Cytokine Signaling Research

Research suggested that the compound may serve as a tuftsin-derived research tool for analyzing IL-6 and TNF-alpha cytokine expression pathway modulation, neuroimmune signaling network interactions, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine balance regulation in controlled preclinical research settings.

Peptide Stability and Enzymatic Degradation Research 

Used in controlled laboratory environments to study N-terminal acetylation and C-terminal amidation effects on aminopeptidase and carboxypeptidase resistance. It is also used to study comparative peptide degradation kinetics and extended receptor interaction profiles relative to unmodified parent peptide compounds.

Why Choose BehemothLabz to Buy AC-Selank NH2 (10mg)?

BehemothLabz is committed to providing high-purity research peptides manufactured under strict quality control standards. Each batch of AC-Selank NH2 undergoes independent third-party analytical testing to confirm identity, purity, and consistency. 

With a focus on transparency and scientific reliability, BehemothLabz supports researchers with dependable compounds suitable for advanced laboratory and preclinical investigations. Competitive pricing, secure payment processing, and domestic and international shipping availability further support researchers at every level.

Support is direct: support@behemothlabz.com | (307) 429-0990

Disclaimer

This compound is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for any purpose. It is provided strictly for laboratory and scientific research purposes only. Clinical research initiatives must be conducted under IRB guidance; preclinical studies must comply with IACUC directives under the Animal Welfare Act (AWA). Not for any form of administration outside of controlled laboratory research settings.

Please make sure you review the Terms and Conditions and familiarize yourself with them prior to purchasing. Please research the scientific uses of this product before placing any orders. Please note that the packaging and labels of the product may differ from those shown on the website.

FAQs

Is AC-Selank NH2 legal in the United States? 

AC-Selank NH2 (CAS 2212313-10-6) is a research chemical not approved by the FDA for use outside of controlled laboratory settings. It is legal to purchase in the United States exclusively for laboratory research purposes. It is not approved for human or veterinary administration under any circumstance. 

How does AC-Selank NH2 differ from the parent compound Selank? 

AC-Selank NH2 introduces two terminal modifications absent from the parent compound Selank: N-terminal acetylation and C-terminal amidation. In preclinical research settings, these modifications confer significantly enhanced resistance to aminopeptidase and carboxypeptidase enzymatic hydrolysis compared to the unmodified parent peptide, producing an extended investigational activity profile in controlled experimental systems. 

What signaling pathways is AC-Selank NH2 investigated for in preclinical research?

Preclinical investigational data associate AC-Selank NH2 with modulation of GABA-A receptor subunit gene expression, regulation of BDNF and NGF neurotrophic factor pathways, transcriptional changes in serotonergic receptor systems, and attenuation of IL-6 and TNF-alpha cytokine signaling cascades in controlled in vitro and in vivo preclinical research settings. 

What does the published research on Selank analogs show regarding GABAergic neurotransmission? 

Gene expression analyses published by Volkova et al. (2016) and Filatova et al. (2017) document that Selank analogs alter mRNA levels of GABA receptor subunits, transporters, and ion channel components in cortical tissue under controlled preclinical conditions. These findings are cited for receptor pharmacology context only and document research conducted on the parent compound Selank, not AC-Selank NH2 specifically. [Cited for receptor pharmacology context only. Documents preclinical research on the parent compound Selank and does not apply to the research-grade AC-Selank NH2 formulation supplied here.] 

What are the storage and handling requirements for AC-Selank NH2? 

AC-Selank NH2 is supplied as a lyophilized powder with a confirmed 2-year shelf life under recommended storage conditions. Store at –20°C or below, protected from light and moisture. Once reconstituted, aliquot immediately to minimize freeze-thaw degradation and do not store reconstituted solution at ambient temperature. 

Reference Links

Volkova, A., Shadrina, M., Kolomin, T., Andreeva, L., Limborska, S., Myasoedov, N., & Slominsky, P. (2016). Selank administration affects the expression of some genes involved in GABAergic neurotransmission. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 7, 31. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26924987/

Filatova, E., Kasian, A., Kolomin, T., Rybalkina, E., Alieva, A., Andreeva, L., Limborska, S., Myasoedov, N., Pavlova, G., Slominsky, P., & Shadrina, M. (2017). GABA, Selank, and olanzapine affect the expression of genes involved in GABAergic neurotransmission in IMR-32 cells. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 8, 89. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28293190/

Inozemtseva, L. S., Karpenko, E. A., Dolotov, O. V., Levitskaya, N. G., Kamensky, A. A., Andreeva, L. A., & Grivennikov, I. A. (2008). Intranasal administration of the peptide Selank regulates BDNF expression in the rat hippocampus in vivo. Doklady Biological Sciences, 421, 241–243. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18841720/

Nadorova, A. V., Kolik, L. G., Klodt, P. M., Narkevich, V. B., Naplyokova, P. L., Kozlovskaya, M. M., & Kudrin, V. S. (2014). The relationship between the anxiolytic action of Selank and the level of serotonin in brain structures during the modeling of alcohol abstinence. Neurochemical Journal, 8(2), 115–120. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24860328/