VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide) – Product Details

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) has emerged as a subject of discussion in current scientific circles, with ongoing studies exploring its multifaceted roles and potential applications. As researchers focus deeper into the intricacies of VIP, its physiological significance and therapeutic potential are garnering increased attention. This article aims to shed light on VIP, providing a technical understanding, highlighting recent studies, and exploring the promising future avenues of research.

While it is widely recognized that Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) plays a crucial role in various potential uses, it is essential to clarify that this content is solely for educational purposes. It neither promotes nor recommends the use of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) for human consumption.

What is the VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide)?

VIP is a neuropeptide that is primarily produced by immune cells, the gastrointestinal tract, and the brain. It is a member of the secretin/glucagon superfamily. With its 28 amino acids, VIP is a conserved protein that interacts with G protein-coupled receptors, specifically VPAC1 and VPAC2, which are found in many different tissues. [R]

Serving as a neurotransmitter, vasodilator, and immunomodulator, among other complex functions, highlights VIP’s wide dispersion and impact on vital physiological processes. When it interacts with receptors, it sets off intracellular cascades that activate signaling pathways and have a variety of consequences for the target tissues. Because of its complex molecular mechanism, VIP is a promising therapeutic candidate for immune system illnesses, cardiovascular ailments, and neurological disorders. [R]

• CAS Number: 122395-32-9
• Molecular Weight: Approximately 3326.8 g/mol
• Chemical Formula: C147H237N43O43S
• IUPAC Name: 2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid
• Synonyms: Intestinal Vasoactive Peptide; VIP; Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide

Potential Applications of VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide)

VIP and Immunomodulation

Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP) possesses immunomodulatory properties, indicating potential for advanced immune system regulation. It plays a crucial role in maintaining immunological balance by influencing the body’s response to potential threats. The therapeutic potential of VIP is being explored in autoimmune disorders, where the immune system mistakenly targets the body’s tissues. VIP, by impacting the cytokine generation process and immune cell activity, has the potential to contribute to mitigating excessive inflammation associated with such conditions.[R]

In actuality, VIP serves as a regulatory gatekeeper, averting an excessively aggressive immune reaction that may cause tissue damage and persistent inflammation. Because of its anti-inflammatory qualities with certain involvement of VIP receptors, VIP is a viable option for treatments meant to treat inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. [R]

VIP and Neuroprotection

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) emerges as a promising avenue in the study of neurodegenerative diseases. VIP’s neuroprotective effects extend beyond the mere ability to mitigate neuronal damage. Research indicates that VIP has the potential to actively engage in neurotransmission, facilitating the communication between nerve cells. This involvement in neural signaling is crucial for maintaining healthy cognitive functions and preventing the degeneration of neural pathways. [R]

Moreover, VIP exhibits the potential to foster neural regeneration and enhance synaptic plasticity, the ability of neurons to form new connections. These qualities are particularly significant in the context of conditions like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, where the progressive loss of neurons and synaptic dysfunction contribute to cognitive decline and motor impairments. [R]

VIP and Cardiovascular Health Research

Because it dilates blood arteries, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) holds great potential. Vasodilation is the widening of blood arteries, which is an important mechanism for managing blood flow and maintaining optimal heart health. VIP regulates blood vessel diameter dynamically by producing vasodilation. [R]

The vasodilatory action described here holds significance in addressing cardiovascular disorders, particularly hypertension. VIP has the potential to contribute to the treatment of hypertension by promoting blood vessel dilatation and relaxation, consequently reducing resistance to blood flow. Given that interventions targeting vascular health are crucial, as hypertension poses a significant risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases, VIP’s capacity for enhancing blood vessel function becomes noteworthy.[R]

VIP and Gastrointestinal Regulation Research

VIP plays a crucial role in coordinating the intricate movements of the gastrointestinal system, ensuring the seamless passage of food through various digestion processes. Research suggests that VIP has the potential to go beyond basic digestive functions, showcasing its possible utility in addressing gastrointestinal issues. In cases where motility challenges contribute to digestive discomforts or dysfunction, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and other motility disorders, VIP may offer therapeutic benefits by regulating the movement of the digestive system. [R] [R]

Furthermore, VIP’s impact on overall gut health extends beyond mechanical elements. It may help to maintain a balanced and healthy gut environment by modulating aspects including nutrition absorption and immunological responses.

VIP and Metabolic Regulation

Insulin is a hormone that is essential for blood sugar regulation, and changes in its secretion or activity can contribute to metabolic diseases such as diabetes.

According to research, VIP may play a function in controlling insulin production from pancreatic cells, helping to fine-tune glucose homeostasis. VIP may aid in the efficient uptake and utilization of glucose by cells by modulating insulin production, hence assisting in the maintenance of stable blood sugar levels. [R]

Additionally, VIP’s potential involvement in metabolic conditions, such as diabetes, stems from its ability to contribute to the intricate balance of glucose regulation. The impact of VIP on insulin dynamics suggests a potential avenue for novel treatment approaches focused on improving insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. This holds significance in the context of the increasing prevalence of metabolic disorders worldwide and the ongoing pursuit of innovative strategies for managing conditions like type 2 diabetes. [R]

VIP and Pulmonary Health Research

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) has emerged as a subject of interest in the realm of pulmonary health. VIP’s vasodilatory effects, marked by the widening of blood vessels, present potential benefits in regulating pulmonary artery pressure. This is particularly relevant in conditions associated with elevated pulmonary arterial pressure, such as pulmonary hypertension. [R]

Research has delved into the impact of VIP on various facets of pulmonary function, including pulmonary vascular resistance, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and platelet activation within pulmonary arteries. By modulating these factors, VIP may contribute to the nuanced regulation of blood flow in the pulmonary system, offering promise for therapeutic interventions in primary pulmonary hypertension and other related vascular disorders. [R]

Studies investigating the inhaled administration of VIP not only explore its efficacy in influencing pulmonary artery pressure but also its potential impact on peripheral nervous systems associated with pulmonary regulation. Additionally, the examination of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure further elucidates VIP’s effects on the intricate dynamics of blood circulation within the pulmonary capillaries. [R]

How Does VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide) Work?

The functioning of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) within the body revolves around its interaction with specific receptors, mainly VPAC1 and VPAC2, which belong to the family of G protein-coupled receptors. VIP is produced in diverse tissues, encompassing the nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and immune cells. Here’s a breakdown of its mechanism:

Synthesis and Release:

VIP is generated in response to various stimuli, and its release can potentially occur in the bloodstream of subjects or act locally within tissues. It serves multifunctional roles as a neurotransmitter, vasodilator, and immunomodulator.[R]

Receptor Binding:

Once released, VIP has the potential to bind to its receptors, VPAC1 and VPAC2, which are present on the surface of target cells. These receptors are found in various tissues, highlighting the widespread influence of VIP. [R]

G Protein Activation:

Upon binding, the VPAC receptors activate G proteins, which are signaling molecules inside the cell membrane. This activation has the potential to trigger a cascade of intracellular events. [R]

cAMP Production:

One of the primary signaling pathways initiated by VIP is the stimulation of adenylate cyclase, leading to the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased cAMP levels serve as a secondary messenger within the cell. [R]

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What exactly is VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide)?

VIP is a neuropeptide that has the potential to participate in a variety of physiological functions. It is produced in the GI tract, immune cells, and the brain, where it influences activities such as neurotransmission, vasodilation, and immunomodulation.

What are the possible advantages of VIP?

VIP has demonstrated immunomodulation, neuroprotection, cardiovascular health, gastrointestinal regulation, and metabolic regulatory potential. It could be potentially used to treat problems ranging from autoimmune disorders to neurodegenerative diseases.

What are the current VIP therapy conditions being researched?

VIP is being studied for its potential in a variety of ailments, including autoimmune disorders, neurological diseases, cardiovascular difficulties, and gastrointestinal disorders. Clinical trials are essential for determining its efficacy in various medical scenarios.

Summary

VIP, a neuropeptide belonging to the secretin/glucagon superfamily, consists of 28 amino acids and is predominantly synthesized by immune cells, the gastrointestinal tract, and the brain. Its interaction with G protein-coupled receptors, specifically VPAC1 and VPAC2, situated in various tissues, underscores its wide-ranging impact on physiological processes.

The mechanism of VIP involves interactions with VPAC receptors, G protein activation, and the stimulation of adenylate cyclase, culminating in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production. The incorporation of terms such as vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and pulmonary hypertension adds depth to the discussion, highlighting VIP’s potential to influence pulmonary arterial pressure, vascular resistance, and platelet activation.

Ongoing research, including in vitro platelet activation induced by VIP, inhaled VIP for pulmonary hypertension, and its effects on systemic arterial pressure, promises to unveil further insights into VIP’s therapeutic applications. As investigations continue, VIP’s molecular intricacies and potential interventions in various health conditions are poised to shape future advancements in medical research.

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Strength	10mg

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