FOXO4-DRI (Peptide) – Product Details

FOXO4-DRI, also known as Proxofim, is a peptide compound with potential applications in the field of biomedical research, particularly in the study of cellular senescence.

• CAS Number: N/A
• Molar Mass: 5358.05 g/mol
• Chemical Formula: C228H388N86O64
• IUPAC Name: H-Pyr-Glu-Gln-Leu-Glu-Arg-Ala-Leu-Asn-Ser-Ser-OH

What is FOXO4-DRI?

The synthetic FOX04-DRI (Retro-Inverso) protein is a slightly altered form of the FOXO4 protein. The alteration increases the protein’s half-life and makes it possible for it to obstruct regular FOXO4 function. Research has demonstrated that FOXO4-DRI inhibits normal FOXO4 binding to p53, which allows for the elimination of senescent cells, enhanced organ function, and a younger “biological age” for the tissue. FOXO4-DRI affects signaling pathways related to oxidative stress, cell cycle regulation, and insulin. Research on animals has demonstrated that the cell-penetrating peptide FOXO4-DRI can reverse the symptoms of aging by specifically inducing apoptosis in senescent cells.

How Does FOXO4-DRI Work?

FOXO4-DRI, a senolytic peptide, [R]  showcases a versatile mechanism across diverse medical conditions. Specifically targeting senescent cells in cartilage injuries, it reduces senescence levels, potentially enhancing cartilage quality. In various contexts, FOXO4-DRI’s role in apoptosis and p53 nuclear exclusion mitigates chemotherapy effects and restores organ function with aging.[R] In post-heart attack scenarios, inhibiting FOXO4 enhances cardiac function, while its exclusive expression in Leydig cells addresses testosterone secretion deficiency in late-onset hypogonadism.[R] Effective against senescent cells in cancer, colorectal cancer, and pulmonary fibrosis, FOXO4-DRI inhibits progression and holds therapeutic promise. While its role in diabetes remains unclear, the peptide may improve insulin signaling by lowering fasting blood sugars.[R] Investigated in diabetic nephropathy, FOXO4-DRI shows potential in preventing diabetes-related complications.[R] Additionally, it demonstrates versatility in regenerative therapies and disease management, explored in rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer’s disease, and kidney transplants. 

FOXO4-DRI Potential Benefits

Below are other research-based health additional benefits FOXO4-DRI brings:

Foxo4-Dri for Removal of Senescent Cells

FOXO4-DRI, a senolytic peptide, was studied for its potential to improve the treatment of cartilage injuries. The procedure involves growing cartilage cells in the lab, and this expansion can lead to the formation of senescent cells, affecting cartilage quality. FOXO4-DRI selectively removed these problematic cells without significant effects on minimally expanded cells. Senescence levels were reduced in FOXO4-DRI-treated cells. While FOXO4-DRI didn’t enhance the ability of the cells to form cartilage in standard culture, cartilage from FOXO4-DRI treated cells showed lower expression of factors related to cellular aging. Further investigation is needed to understand FOXO4-DRI’s role in promoting the formation of healthy cartilage. [R]

FOXO4-DRI for Cell Aging and Chemotoxicity

One of the biggest obstacles to preserving health following acute stress or as we age naturally is the build-up of irreversible cellular damage. It is thought that senescent cells impair tissue function, and genetic elimination of them has demonstrated potential in postponing the signs of aging. Understanding how senescent cells avoid dying enables the creation of anti-senescence substances that help balance the body again. FOXO4-DRI is identified in a study as a critical component of senescent cell viability. To cause selective p53 nuclear exclusion and cell-intrinsic apoptosis in senescent cells, a peptide was created called FOXO4-DRI that interferes with P53’s interaction with it. The FOXO4-DRI peptide was well tolerated in vivo and prevented the chemotoxicity caused by chemotherapy drugs. In both naturally aged and fast-aging mice, it also restored renal function, fur density, and fitness. [R]

FOXO4-DRI on Heart Attack

In the context of post-myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as heart attack, a study focused on the potential health benefits of FOXO4-DRI. The transcription factor FOXO4, which regulates various biological processes, including inflammation, was explored for its role in MI. The findings suggested that FOXO4 activation, particularly in endothelial cells, contributes to early post-MI inflammation through the regulation of arginase 1. When FOXO4 was inhibited or deleted, there was improved survival, better cardiac function, and reduced infarct size in mouse models of MI. Specifically, FOXO4 deletion in endothelial cells led to improved cardiac function and reduced inflammation post-MI, while deletion in cardiac myocytes showed no significant differences. The study highlighted the potential health benefits of targeting FOXO4 in managing post-MI inflammation, suggesting it is a potential therapeutic approach for improving cardiac outcomes after a heart attack. [R]

FOXO4-DRI for Late-Onset Hypogonadism

The age-related disorder known as male late-onset hypogonadism is linked to senescent Leydig cell malfunction. According to recent research, removing senescent cells may help restore the right tissue balance as people age. The transcription factor FOXO4-DRI was found to be uniquely expressed in human Leydig cells in this study. Reduced testosterone synthesis has been associated with its elevated presence in the nucleus of elderly people. The research discovered that FOXO4-DRI both prevents and preserves the survival of senescent Leydig cells produced by hydrogen peroxide in an in vitro model. [R]

FOXO4-DRI, disrupted the FOXO4-p53 interaction and selectively induced apoptosis in senescent Leydig cells, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach. In naturally aged mice, FOXO4-DRI improved the testicular microenvironment and alleviated age-related testosterone secretion insufficiency. These findings highlight the health benefits of FOXO4-DRI in addressing male late-onset hypogonadism, indicating its potential as a therapeutic option for this age-related condition. [R]

FOXO4-DRI for Senescent Cancer Cells

In a study, FOXO4-DRI demonstrated potential effectiveness in removing senescent cancer cells in both cell cultures and mouse models. The study’s findings suggest FOXO4-DRI and other peptide TP53, could be valuable in developing targeted therapies for eliminating senescent cancer cells. This approach holds potential benefits for cancer treatment by eradicating residual disease and serving as a combination therapy. Additionally, the systemic delivery of these peptides to older mice resulted in reduced numbers of senescent cells in the liver with minimal toxicity. Overall, these peptides could offer health benefits by addressing age-related diseases, particularly in preventing cancer recurrence and progression. [R]

FOXO4-DRI for Colorectal Cancer

This study investigated the health benefits of FOXO4-DRI in colorectal cancer (CRC). FOXO4, a tumor-suppressor gene, was found to be downregulated in CRC tissues, showing a positive correlation with APC2 and p(S37)-β-catenin. FOXO4 was identified as a transcription factor that binds to and regulates APC2. Overexpression of FOXO4 in CRC cell lines inhibited stemness genes, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell migration, and metastasis in mouse models. This inhibitory effect was associated with the enhancement of the APC2/β-catenin axis. These findings suggest that FOXO4 has potential health benefits in inhibiting CRC migration and metastasis, making it a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer. [R]

FOXO4-DRI for Pulmonary Fibrosis

FOXO4-D-Retro-Inverso (FOXO4-DRI) has demonstrated potential in treating pulmonary fibrosis, a lung condition that progresses over time and has few available treatments. PF is linked to an increase in cell senescence, and it has been proposed that lung function in pulmonary fibrosis can be enhanced by removing senescent cells. In this study, FOXO4-DRI was investigated in a chemotherapy-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model. Findings showed that FOXO4-DRI reduced chemotherapy-induced changes in appearance and collagen buildup, lowered the presence of senescent cells, and reduced the expression of factors associated with aging cells. These effects were comparable to those of other licensed drugs for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.

Additionally, FOXO4-DRI decreased myofibroblasts and increased the number of fibroblasts and alveoli cells of the lungs in the animal model. FOXO4-DRI has shown a tendency to specifically target myofibroblasts generated in vitro. Overall, these results indicate that FOXO4-DRI has the potential to be a useful therapeutic approach for treating pulmonary fibrosis. [R]

FOXO4-DRI for Insulin Signaling

Several studies show that FOXO proteins play a crucial role in various functions. Research in animal models shows that FOXO acts as mediator of the inhibitory effects of insulin or insulin-like growth factors on key cellular functions. These proteins, found throughout the body, are involved in regulating cell metabolism, growth, differentiation, response to oxidative stress, aging, and more. Genetic mutations or abnormal expression of FOXO proteins are linked to conditions such as metabolic diseases, cancer, and alterations in lifespan in both humans and animals. It is unclear how FOXO4-DRI affects insulin signaling but it is thought that the protein can improve downstream effects of insulin by reducing fasting blood sugars. [R]

FOXO4-DRI for Diabetes

In diabetic nephropathy, a condition where kidney podocytes decrease, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulate, triggering cell death of podocytes. This study focused on the health benefits of FOXO4-DRI, revealing that AGEs enhance the activation of the FOXO4 transcription factor, promoting the expression of a cell-death gene in podocytes. The study demonstrated that modifying proteins with AGEs increased FOXO4 binding to the gene promoter, and acetylation of FOXO4 was crucial for this process. Additionally, the protein deacetylase Sirtuin, which counters Foxo4 acetylation, was downregulated in diabetic conditions. [R]

Overexpression of Sirtuin prevented cell death in cultured podocytes. In diabetic mice, glomeruli showed increased FOXO4 acetylation, reduced Sirtuin expression, and elevated cell-death gene expression. The findings suggest that modifying FOXO4 acetylation and preserving Sirtuin expression could be strategies to prevent podocyte cell death in diabetes, highlighting the potential health benefits of interventions targeting these processes. [R]

FOXO4-DRI for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Several studies discuss the potential health benefits of FOXO4-DRI for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is an autoimmune disease affecting synovial membranes in joints, leading to inflammation, pain, and stiffness. The conventional approach uses drugs to induce remission, but they often have serious side effects. In contrast, integrative and regenerative therapies focus on reducing inflammation through dietary measures, fasting, gut healing, and nutraceuticals. Regenerative treatments like peptides show potential in repairing damaged tissues and reducing inflammation. [R]

Peptide therapies such as FOXO4-DRI target various aspects of inflammation and immune modulation. These regenerative approaches aim to alleviate symptoms and repair damaged tissues with fewer side effects compared to conventional treatments. Early diagnosis and an integrative approach are emphasized for optimal results. [R]

FOXO4-DRI for Alzheimer’s Disease

Several studies discuss the health benefits of senolytic drugs, particularly FOXO4-DRI, in the context of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While recent FDA-approved therapies target amyloid reduction in AD, addressing upstream drivers of AD pathogenesis, such as biological aging, presents a promising approach. Senescent cells, which accumulate with age, contribute to inflammation and age-related diseases like AD. Research on FOXO4-DRI has shown potential benefits in improving healthy aging and halting AD progression in animal models. Despite challenges, including target engagement and biomarker development, the pursuit of senotherapy for AD holds the potential for effective treatment and additional disease-modifying therapies to complement emerging options. [R]

FOXO4-DRI for Kidney Transplants

Senescent cells, which are cells in a permanent cell cycle arrest associated with aging, can negatively impact kidney transplants, especially when the donor is older. These cells contribute to inflammation and hinder kidney regeneration. Recent advancements in understanding aging biology have led to the development of anti-senescence compounds, such as FOXO4-DRI, that target and eliminate senescent cells. These compounds have shown potential in restoring tissue balance, improving kidney function, and extending overall health and lifespan in aging mice. The use of these anti-senescence compounds holds the potential to enhance the quality of kidneys from older donors and address issues caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury during transplantation. Removing senescent cells may also expand the donor pool, alleviating organ shortage and enhancing long-term transplant outcomes. [R]

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Conclusion

FOXO4-DRI demonstrates potential health benefits across a range of biomedical applications by selectively removing problematic senescent cells, as evidenced by research summarized across diverse disease models and tissues. It has the potential to alleviate inflammation and age-related functional decline in tissues including cartilage, heart, lungs, kidneys, testes, and brain while improving outcomes in animal models of natural aging, diabetes, arthritis, pulmonary fibrosis, and Alzheimer’s. By eradicating senescent cells, FOXO4-DRI may facilitate tissue regeneration, restore homeostasis, and enhance healthy longevity, addressing core aging processes that drive many diseases.

It has the potential to effectively remove residual senescent cancer cells and inhibit metastasis and recurrence in preclinical studies, with potential utility in preventing cancer progression. Importantly, systemic administration of FOXO4-DRI demonstrates good safety, bioavailability, and potential efficacy in clearing senescent cell burden and improving fitness. FOXO4-DRI’s apparent selectivity, favorable tolerability, and promising translational significance position it as an exciting senolytic agent for the potential treatment of age-related dysfunction, expanding health span and improving outcomes across a spectrum of chronic diseases. Further research is warranted, particularly in human trials, to fully realize its therapeutic potential. In summary, FOXO4-DRI represents a highly promising senolytic compound both for improving age-associated disease and dysfunction, as well as improving resilience and healthy longevity.

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Strength	10mg