Thymosin Alpha 1 (Peptide) – Product Details

Thymosin Alpha 1, a naturally occurring peptide found in the human thymus, has become one of the leading research chemicals being studied today. Acknowledged for its remarkable capacity to restore, enhance, and modify immune function, this peptide has gained clinical approval in over 37 countries, primarily for the treatment of hepatitis B and C.

Beyond its established applications, Thymosin Alpha 1 has ventured into the forefront of clinical research, showcasing its potential in diverse health challenges. Studies indicate that it amplifies immune responses in conditions such as psoriatic arthritis, aging, and chemotherapy-induced toxicity. Thymosin Alpha 1 may also prevent viral, bacterial, and fungal infections.

Despite its widespread clinical recognition, it’s essential to note that Thymosin Alpha 1 is not FDA-approved, emphasizing the need for continued exploration and research to fully uncover its vast potential.

• CAS Number: 62304-98-7
• Molar Mass: 3108.3 g/mol
• Chemical Formula: C129H215N33O55
• IUPAC Name: Ac-Ser-Asp-Ala-Ala-Val-Asp-Thr-Ser-Ser-Glu-Ile-Thr-Thr-Lys-Asp-Leu-Lys-Glu-Lys-Lys-Glu-Val-Val-Glu-Glu-Ala-Glu-Asn-Gly-Arg-Glu-Ala-Pro-Ala-Asn-OH
• Synonyms:alpha1 Thymosin, alpha1-thymosin, thymalfasin.

What is Thymosin Alpha 1?

Thymosin Alpha 1, abbreviated as TA1, is a biologically active peptide composed of 28 amino acids. This remarkable substance is produced naturally by the human thymus, a gland crucial for the production and maturation of T-cells, which play a pivotal role in helping the immune system cells combat various diseases and infections.

Initially discovered in 1972, Thymosin Alpha 1 is a naturally occurring peptide fragment. It was first isolated from the thymus of calves. Over the years, advancements in biotechnology have led to the development of alternative methods for obtaining this peptide.

Notably, solid-state synthesis has emerged as a popular technique, along with genetic engineering processes, expanding the avenues for its production.

Thymosin Alpha 1 has the potential to mirror the immune-boosting capabilities inherent in the thymus, demonstrating the potential to enhance, restore, and modify immune responses. Its versatility has been evident in various clinical applications, showcasing promise in treating viral, fungal, and bacterial infectious diseases and certain types of cancer (e.g., breast cancer cells). [R]

Recent scientific investigations have unveiled additional potential therapeutic applications for Thymosin Alpha 1. Studies suggest its efficacy in treating severe sepsis, a life-threatening condition resulting from the body’s overwhelming response to infection. Furthermore, TA1 has demonstrated its ability to prevent invasive infections in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation, presenting a valuable prospect for individuals with compromised immune systems. [R]

In the realm of vaccine development, Thymosin Alpha 1 is still considered a research chemical. Thus, it is not safe for human consumption. Purchase TA1 for research purposes only.

How Does Thymosin Alpha 1 Work?

The immune system plays various roles related to human growth, development, and maintenance of the central nervous system. Thymosin Alpha 1 operates through a dual mechanism of action, showcasing its profound potential impact on the immune system through both immune modulation and direct effects.

Immune Modulation

Thymosin Alpha 1’spotential  immune-modulating activity is primarily mediated through its interaction with Toll-like receptors (TLR). Toll-like receptors are a group of proteins vital in regulating the body’s innate immunity. Specifically, TA1 engages with TLR9 and TLR2, which are found on fungus dendritic cells and various other immune system cells. This interaction triggers a cascade of responses that modulate immune function. By engaging with these receptors, Thymosin Alpha 1 plays a pivotal role in fine-tuning the immune response, helping the body to mount a more effective defense against pathogens.

Direct Acting Effect

In addition to its potential immune-modulating properties, Thymosin Alpha 1 exerts a direct effect on immune cells. One notable aspect of this direct action is the enhancement of antigen expression. TA1 increases the expression of key antigens, including MHC Class 1, MHC Class 2, and B-2 microglobulin. This augmentation is crucial for the immune system to identify and recognize virally infected cells. By boosting the presentation of these antigens, Thymosin Alpha 1 facilitates a more efficient recognition and targeting of infected cells, thereby enhancing the overall immune response.

Furthermore, Thymosin Alpha 1 reportedly exhibits inhibitory effects on the in-vitro growth of both virally infected cells and cancer cells. This property underscores its potential as a therapeutic agent not only in infectious diseases but also in the context of certain cancers. The ability to hinder the growth of aberrant cells further highlights Thymosin Alpha 1’s multifaceted role in promoting immune surveillance and maintaining cellular integrity.

Potential Applications of Thymosin Alpha 1 

Thymosin Alpha 1 and Sepsis

Thymosin Alpha 1, or TA1, could be a potential game-changer in the treatment of sepsis, based on findings from a comprehensive analysis of six clinical trials. The results point towards several positive effects that suggest Thymosin Alpha 1 may be beneficial for individuals grappling with this serious medical condition.

Increased Survival Rate: The research revealed that Thymosin Alpha 1 significantly boosted the survival rate of test subjects showing symptoms of sepsis. In simpler terms, the group who received TA1 survived the critical phase of sepsis compared to those who did not. [R]

Reduced ICU Stay: Another encouraging outcome was the decrease in the average time septic patients spent in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). This suggests that Thymosin Alpha 1 could contribute to quicker recovery, potentially leading to shorter stays in the intensive care setting. [R]

Shortened Mechanical Ventilation Time: Thymosin Alpha 1 was also associated with a reduction in the time test subjects needed mechanical ventilation. Mechanical ventilation is a critical intervention for individuals with severe respiratory distress. The fact that TA1 shortened this ventilation time implies an improvement in respiratory function, which is crucial for recovery.

According to the researchers conducting the meta-analysis, these positive effects of Thymosin Alpha 1 on sepsis could be attributed to its immunomodulatory properties. In simpler terms, TA1 seems to influence the immune system, helping it respond more effectively to the challenges posed by sepsis.

Thymosin Alpha 1 and HIV

Thymosin Alpha 1 is believed to encourage the release of certain cells that inhibit HIV infection.

In a pilot study focused on patients undergoing HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy), Thymosin Alpha 1 demonstrated excellent safety and tolerability. This is a crucial aspect of any potential treatment, as it suggests that TA1 may be safely integrated into the existing HIV treatment regimens. [R]

One notable outcome of the pilot study was the observed enhancement in immune reconstitution. Thymosin Alpha 1 appeared to positively influence the rebuilding of the immune system in HIV test subjects. This is significant because HIV weakens the immune system, and anything that aids in its recovery could be a valuable asset in managing the condition. [R]

Thymosin Alpha 1 and Hepatitis B

In one notable clinical trial, Thymosin Alpha 1 was administered as a monotherapy (1.6 mg twice a week for 6 months) to chronic hepatitis B test subjects. The results indicated disease remission rates ranging from 26 to 41%. This suggests that TA1 has the potential to contribute to the management and improvement of CHB, providing hope for those affected by this persistent liver condition. [R]

A meta-analysis of five trials brought to light the effectiveness of Thymosin Alpha 1 in suppressing viral replication in CHB test subjects. However, it’s important to note that these effects were observed 12 months after the cessation of treatment. This implies that TA1 may have a sustained impact on controlling the replication of the hepatitis B virus, offering a potential advantage in long-term management. [R]

Thymosin Alpha 1 and Hepatitis C

A randomized clinical trial involving 109 hepatitis C test subjects explored the impact of a combined therapy of TA1 and Interferon (IFN). The results revealed positive outcomes:

Viral Load Reduction: The combined TA1 and IFN therapy led to a significant reduction in viral RNA load in 37.1% of test subjects. This suggests that the combination of Thymosin Alpha 1 with Interferon has the potential to effectively combat the hepatitis C virus, inhibiting its replication and spread within the body.

Biochemical, Histological, and Virological Improvements: Not only did the combined therapy impact viral load, but test subjects in the TA1+IFN group also experienced improvements in biochemical markers, histological indicators (related to tissue structure), and virological aspects. This comprehensive enhancement suggests that Thymosin Alpha 1, when used in conjunction with Interferon, has a positive influence on various aspects of hepatitis C.

A subsequent meta-analysis, which combines and analyzes results from multiple studies, appeared to support these initial findings:

The meta-analysis indicated that the combined therapy of TA1 and IFN produced a treatment response in 44.7% of test subjects. In comparison, the group receiving only Interferon had a treatment response rate of 22%. This substantial difference suggests that Thymosin Alpha 1, when combined with Interferon, enhances the overall effectiveness of the treatment in addressing hepatitis C.

While these studies provide promising insights into the potential benefits of Thymosin Alpha 1 in hepatitis C, it’s important to note that more research studies are needed to further explore and validate these observations.

Thymosin Alpha 1 and Cystic Fibrosis

In a preclinical study conducted on mice with cystic fibrosis and cells from human subjects, Thymosin Alpha 1 displayed a remarkable ability to address multiple tissue defects associated with the condition. This suggests that TA1 could potentially target and rectify the underlying issues contributing to the manifestation of cystic fibrosis. [R]

One notable property of TA1 in the context of cystic fibrosis is its ability to reduce inflammation. Inflammation is a common feature of the disorder, contributing to the damage in the lungs and other affected organs. By mitigating inflammation, Thymosin Alpha 1 shows promise in alleviating one of the key aspects of cystic fibrosis. [R]

Thymosin Alpha 1 and Lung Cancer

Results from two clinical trials exploring the effects of TA1 on lung cancer have shown significant improvements in immune parameters. This implies that Thymosin Alpha 1 can positively influence the immune system, a crucial aspect of the body’s defense against cancer cells. [R]

In a phase II clinical study, a combination therapy involving Thymosin Alpha 1 along with Interferon (IFN), cisplatin (DDP), and etoposide (VP-16) demonstrated effectiveness in inducing the death of human lung cancer cells. This combined therapy was specifically found to be effective in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer, showcasing its potential as a comprehensive approach to combatting this form of lung cancer. [R]

Thymosin Alpha 1 and Breast Cancer

In a cell-based study, Thymosin Alpha 1 exhibited the ability to suppress the proliferation of breast cancer cells. Additionally, it induced apoptosis, a natural process of programmed cell death. This suggests that TA1 may impede the uncontrolled growth of cancerous cells and promote their controlled elimination, which are crucial aspects of managing cancer. [R]

Another cell-based study introduced a modified form of Thymosin Alpha 1, showing its inhibitory effects on breast cancer growth both in laboratory dishes (in vitro) and living organisms (in vivo). This modified TA1 not only suppressed the proliferation of breast cancer cells but also induced cell apoptosis. Importantly, it demonstrated an enhanced targeted anti-cancer effect compared to unmodified TA1, suggesting potential improvements in therapeutic efficacy. [R]

Thymosin Alpha 1 and Respiratory Disorders

In a clinical study focusing on individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Thymosin Alpha 1 demonstrated preventive effects against acute exacerbations of the condition. The results indicated that the peptide provided effective protection by enhancing the body’s cellular immune activity. This suggests that TA1 may play a role in reducing the severity and frequency of exacerbations in individuals with COPD. [R]

A study conducted in China in 2020 explored the effects of Thymosin Alpha 1 on individuals with COVID-19. The findings revealed that TA1 treatment contributed to an improvement in the non-recovery rate among COVID-19 patients. Specifically, those who received TA1 showed reduced in-hospital mortality, a lower intubation rate, and a shorter length of stay in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) compared to those who did not receive TA1. This suggests that Thymosin Alpha 1 may have beneficial effects in improving outcomes for individuals affected by COVID-19. [R]

Frequently Asked Questions

Is Thymosin Alpha 1 a potential cure for any specific diseases?

Thymosin Alpha 1 is not a cure for any specific diseases. However, it is being researched for its potential therapeutic effects and immune-modulating properties in various medical conditions.

What are T-cells?

T-cells are a type of white blood cells that are vital to achieve an adaptive immune system. They possess a memory of past infections. They also enhance the function of other immune cells for protection against infections.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Thymosin Alpha 1 (TA1) stands at the forefront of medical research, displaying immense promise in the field of immunotherapy. This 28-amino acid peptide, naturally derived from the thymus gland, exhibits potent immune-modulating properties and has been investigated across a spectrum of medical conditions.

While studies highlight its potential benefits in conditions such as chronic infections, respiratory diseases, cancer, and immune system disorders, it’s crucial to acknowledge that Thymosin Alpha 1 is not safe for human consumption.

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Strength	50mg